Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary (part 2)

Continued from part 1

(Apologies for the blurry nature of some photos – it was getting dark towards the end of the afternoon and bars got in the way with some birds.)

The sanctuary has many birds on display, such as native rainforest pigeons …

Rose-crowned fruit dove (Ptilinopus regina)

Male superb fruit dove (Ptilinopus superbus) (apologies for the bars) …

Superb fruit dove (male)

Superb fruit dove (immature)

Torresian imperial (Ducula spilorrhoa) and white-headed (Columba leucomela) pigeons …

White-headed pigeon (foreground) and Torresian imperial pigeon (behind)

White-headed pigeon info board

Imperial pigeon info board

Pied heron (Ardea picata) …

Pied heron

Chiming wedgebill (Psophodes occidentalis) – a staffer said this unprepossessing bird was moved from one of the displays right next to houses (the sanctuary in right in the middle of a beachside suburb in the Gold Coast) as it was driving human neighbours crazy with its piercing calls. The call is wonderful, but would get annoying in constant repetition. It reminded me of the sound my washing machine makes when it needs attention. You can see a video and hear it here.

A little brown bird with a big loud voice – the chiming wedgebill

Forest kingfisher (Todiramphus macleayii) …

Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) …

Gouldian finches

Male satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) turning from juvenile to into blue/black male colouration – we have plenty of satins on our property, but I’ve never seen the change-over before now …

Juvenile male satin bowerbird turning into adult colours and picking up blue objects for his bower

The bower …

Satin bowerbird bower, with typical blue adornments

Black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) …

Black-winged stilt

MacLeay’s fig parrots (Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana) helping the Coxen’s fig parrot breeding program …

Macleay’s fig parrots

Coxen’s fig parrot recovery program

Squatter pigeons (Geophaps scripta scripta) …

Squatter pigeons

Scaly-breasted lorikeets (Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus) …

Scaly-breasted lorikeet

Bush thick knee or stone curlew (Burhinus grallarius) …

Bush thick knee

Bush thick knee info board

Pacific baza or crested hawk (Aviceda subcristata) …

Pacific baza

Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) with Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa) on top left …

Emu, with Pacific black duck top left

The black duck is probably a wild one taking advantage of the zoo’s facilities. I was astounded that a couple of Chinese tourists from the bus tour were taking photos of the emu by having one pose with it touching and even putting her arms around the emu. You should not do this! I went up to her friend and mimed the emu disembowelling her (it would have been pretty funny if I hadn’t been desperate to get the message across). (It sounded like they were speaking Cantonese but my Cantonese is non-existent these days.) She got the message. Later I told a staffer what had happened and he blanched, but said these emus were pretty used to people, although frisky males have tried to mate with them in the breeding season (!).

Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) – you don’t hug these either, but this one was protected from humans by being in a large aviary …

Southern cassowary

Cassowary info board

Brolga (Grus rubicunda) …

Brolga

There was a great playground for kids (and the not-kids, too – I had a zoom down the flying fox), including a slightly creepy spider web climbing frame. It reminded me of the poem by Mary Howitt:

“Will you walk into my parlour?” said the Spider to the Fly

“Tis the prettiest little parlour that ever you did spy …”

Spider web climbing frame

Enormous spider over climbing frame

Looking up at that enormous (but comfortingly artificial) arachnid, I had a frisson of fear – imagine being a real fly in that web, with Shelob about to descend. Brrr!

While not on the same scale as Steve Irwin’s Australia Zoo, this sanctuary is still a satisfying way to see many of our native creatures over an afternoon.

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Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary (part 1)

I prefer to see wildlife in the wild (but not going as far as Dr Mike Leahy in his TV series “Bite Me”, where he travels to exotic wildlife places in search of interesting ways to get himself bitten or infected – sheesh!), but sometimes it’s too hard and a visit to a wildlife sanctuary is a softer option.

So I visited Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary, about one and a half hour’s drive from my place, to see what I could see. It used to be privately owned, but now the National Trust of Queensland runs it.

Let’s start with mammals, just because I am one. The night-house had sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) leaping all over tree branches and potoroos (rat kangaroos) scuttling around the floor. Andrew has seen a sugar glider at our place, but I’ve not had that privilege.

Sugar glider contemplates its next leap into the dark

The gliders were very active and jumping large distances, and you could easily see the skin flaps between the front and rear legs easily. Unfortunately my camera was not up to the darkness and quick movements of these cute animals.

Tassie devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are another favourite. With most of those in the wild dead from tumour facial disease, zoos hope to replace them with uninfected members of the species. They really look nothing like Tas from the Warner Brothers cartoon, but the sound is right – a real shriek that must sound terrifying in the bush at night when several of them are fighting over a carcass.

A group of students on some sort of study program turned up with cardboard egg cartons, which they chucked in with the devils. All three devils had a great tussle and screamed at each other to get at the yummy dead white rats inside. Mmm, mmm, tasty. The biting is what transmits the fatal disease.

“Why does my breakfast always taste like cardboard?”

“Where’s my morning rat?”

Other charming mammals included Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus goodfellowi buergersi) from Papua New Guinea…

Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo

Most exhibits are well signposted with brief information about the animals

Another Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo

Info about Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo

Red (Macropus rufus) and eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) are tourist favourites. You can’t always tell which is which just by general colour, but the reds have a distinctive dark patch on the muzzle (which the greys don’t have), and the greys have a dark tail tip while the reds have a pale one …

Staffer giving a talk about kangaroos

We followed a Chinese tour bus group around, but unfortunately couldn’t understand the commentary. They seemed particularly fascinated with the wombat

Wombat

Nearby were dingoes, our only native dog (Canis lupus dingo) …

Dingo

The koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were their usual captivating selves, especially a joey that was jumping from branch to branch, making onlookers gasp. The adult koalas were busy tucking into fresh eucalyptus leaves.

Koala joey

“Don’t do it!”, we humans gasped

From the warm-blooded to the so-called cold … the angle-headed dragon (we get them at our place) …

Angle-headed dragon soaking up heat from a lamp

Angle-headed dragon info board

Green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulata, common at home) …

Green tree snake

Coastal carpet python (Morelia spilota subsp. mcdowelli) …

Coastal carpet python

Scrub python (Morelia amethistina) …

Scrub python

Scrub python info board

Boyd’s forest dragon (Hypsilurus boydii or Gonocephalus boydii) …

Boyd’s forest dragon

Boyds forest dragon info board

Coastal or eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) …

Coastal bearded dragon

Coastal bearded dragon info board

White-lipped tree frog (Litoria infrafrenata) …

White-lipped tree frog

White-lipped tree frog info board

Freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) …

Freshwater crocodiles

Freshwater croc info board

but no salties …

No wonder the crocodile is smiling

On to the birds in part 2.

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Feeding my inner sci-fi fan

I was a big sci-fi fan at uni (guess it goes with the science curriculum), attending conventions and helping organise one or two, travelling interstate to visit other uni SF groups. I don’t read much fiction these days, although I do enjoy Terry Pratchett’s novels, “Doctor Who” and intelligent (in my own humble opinion) genre fiction (like, yes folks, “Buffy the Vampire Slayer” and anything Joss Whedon).

Last November we’d gone to the media convention “SupaNova” in Brisbane. We’d arrived early, got in the cash queue (much quicker than the credit card queue) and were just about third in the door. But going on Friday to avoid the weekend crowds meant we missed out on the cosplayers (people who enjoy dressing up as their favourite characters from the movies, graphic novels, animation and sci-fi/fantasy fiction).

This time the event was much closer, at the Gold Coast. The merchandise stalls were not open on Friday, so we opted for Saturday. We’d stopped at the Uki farmers’ market on the way, so arrived at the convention centre half an hour after the opening. The car queue for parking was immense, but kept moving. Then it took us 30 minutes to actually get in the doors. Luckily the organisers were very organised, as it seemed all 23,400 attendees from November’s event were there that morning, and there were plenty of staff to shepherd people in the right direction. The cash queue was long but still the fastest way to get in, as the credit card queue was hundreds of metres long.

A plus side of waiting in line was getting a good look at the many costumes as we shuffled along. Some people had made their own; others had bought them “off the rack”. I particularly enjoyed this pair – it’s not every day you meet the Warrior Princess away from Ancient Greece …

Xena and Gabrielle cosplayers

Xena and Gabrielle on the Gold Coast

You can read about the enthusiastic Kelly Mitchell (Xena) here – it helps that she has a resemblance to a certain Kiwi actress. She’s a 24-year-old uni student, and feels like a movie star for a day as people love her costume. [Update: Kelly has commented on my About page. Thanks, Kelly! Her website is here.]

Note the muggle on the left – there were Harry Potter and Hermione costumers, and plenty of other T-shirts that betrayed people’s enthusiasms, such as “Lord Vetinari Rules”. Personally I liked the one with two dinosaurs facing off, with the caption “Curse your sudden but inevitable betrayal” – sob, Wash! One woman I spoke to said she ignored “Serenity” and just concentrated on “Firefly” as she couldn’t handle Wash’s sudden but inevitable death – unfortunately someone always has to “get Jossed” in Whedon’s movies. I bought Andrew a T-shirt that said “I’m only here because my server is down” – appropriate, I thought. :) Next year I’m wearing my “Cardiff Weevil Retrieval Team” T-shirt.

Here are more details of their (bought) costumes … beats my action figures any day.

All this walking … where’s Argo when you need her?

The “play” in “cosplay” …

Even without her chakram, she has many skills

There are many “subcultures” in cosplay. There’s steam punk …

Steam punk lady – the goggles and general Victoriana give her away

… diesel punk …

Diesel punk group

… anime …

Anime girls

Black Cat (Marvel comic character) … there were some Catwomen (from the comic Batman) in skin-tight vinyl, too. Looked great but must have been sweltering.

Anime character

… and just about anything fantasy or sci fi that attracts an enthusiastic group (comics, graphic novels, movies, TV shows, animation, role playing, computer games …).

Everyone wanted a photo with the TARDIS …

Potential TARDIS companions – look out, Matt Smith!

Lady 10th Doctor – she keeps her sonic screwdriver in her hair

… and it’s …

Too big for the living room

This is not Suranne Jones, but she is the TARDIS …

She is the TARDIS

I was perusing the array of Doctor Who merchandise, and next to me a woman was discussing pocket money with her two small boys (about 7 or 8 years old). They wanted a Time Lord pocket watch, but that would use up all their pocket money. I asked her if I could get some pocket money, too – “are you my mummy?” She immediately got the joke. That was one of the nice things about this event – people knew what you were talking about. (And, sorry, I’m not going to explain that one. If you’ve watched New Who, you’ll get it.)

The fellow on the right below went to the trouble of taking off his watch and glasses to be more authentic to the character – “who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men?”.

All hail Time Lord President Rassilon (left), and the Shadow (right)

Some of the boys like the military/superhero costumes …

Comic book heroes

The costume on the right is definitely not off-the-rack …

Mixed genres were no problem …

What have you done with Princess Leia?

I didn’t get a shot of the most wonderful Queen Armadillo [darn, that natural history always pokes in] Amidala, nor one of a fabulous monster from one of the Alien movies. I was too busy picking my jaw up from the floor, by which time it had sloped off into the crowd.

My “cutest costume” prize goes to the littlest Darth Vader …

The littlest Darth

Many thanks to the lovely people who allowed me to take photos of them.

Since we’re on the topic, here are some pics from the Dalek Race at a convention in Melbourne in 1976. Each uni (Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide) had made a Dalek for the occasion.

It’s a bit cramped in there

Where to in all the universe?

The Dalek that won had a bicycle built in, whereas the others relied on cramped foot power – technology rules, again.

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Insect days

The warm and sunny autumn days of the last couple of weeks (until yesterday) have brought out the insects. The birds were probably very pleased when the rain stopped and they could get a decent feed.

I found a stick insect of my very own. This one ([update] a spur-legged stick insectDidymuria violescens – thanks to Denis for the suggestion; see the comments below) was smaller than the last one – the length of the body about 90 mm, compared with 150 mm for the other one.

Stick insect

I kept hearing a humming sound, like it was coming from inside a pipe. It turned out to be the noise of the wings of this female mudwasp (Abispa ephippium) as it flew in and out of a pot, adding mud to its nest. Mudwasps are solitary, not aggressive, and rarely sting.

Mudwasp

Humming in a different way were the social paper-nest wasps (Polistes variabilis), this time inside a bird nest-box. The humming might have been the fanning of wings to keep the nest cool. I got a mild sting from one when I approached too close to take a photo. No bird will be brave enough to enter this box, I guarantee.

Paper-nest wasps and nest inside nest-box

Here’s a katydid …

Katydid

Katydid

… and dragonflies. At last they held still long enough to photograph – they both have cobwebs on their wings, so seem to have escaped from a web. Perhaps that’s why they weren’t as flighty as usual.

Dragonfly

Dragonfly

The dragonfly below was photographed in South Australia, but I’m putting it in because I like it …

South Australian dragonfly; photo by Rodney Hunt

Grasshopper …

Grasshopper; photo by Andrew Roberts

Cotton harlequin jewel bug (Tectocoris diophthalmus) – nymph …

Cotton harlequin jewel bug nymph

The male is bright …

Male adult cotton harlequin jewel bug; photo by Andrew Roberts

… the female is larger and yellow-orange. You can see the wings under the elytra (wing covers) at the back …

Cotton harlequin jewel bug - female adult; photo by Andrew Roberts

Wild tobacco spined bug (Cuspicona forticornis) – we certainly have enough wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum) around to support these …

Wild tobacco spined bug

Other predators besides birds are on the lookout, like the St Andrew’s cross spider (Argiope keyserlingii) …

St Andrews Cross spider

… a web-weaving spider that stretched out into the shape of a thin twig when disturbed…

'Twig' spider

… an orb weaver (Nephila edulis?) …

Orbweaver

.. a huntsman hunting indoors…

Huntsman

Huntsman

and an eastern water dragon (Physignathus lesueurii) …

Lizard lunching on grasshopper

It’s settling in for rain again, so the insects may get a reprieve – temporarily.

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Finally, a pheasant coucal

Pheasant coucals (Centropus phasianinus) are all around my place – you can hear their strange call in spring, see them fly reluctantly across a paddock and, driving into town, see them lurch across the road. They seem to sit in wait at roadsides, see your car coming, think about it, then try to make it across in front of you. If you step on the brakes and avoid hitting them, they give you a coy look and scram into the grass as fast as they can – which is not terribly fast. They have a hesitant demeanour, as if they are trying to work out the best of a hundred possibilities for what to do next. Still, it must work, as you seldom see one squashed on the road. They are darned hard to photograph, though, as by the time you get your camera out, they’re gone.

Yesterday I saw one sunning itself across from the house. Fearful of making it take flight, I just clicked a few shots (heck, about 40) from inside the house in the hope that at least one of them would be good enough. Here’s the result …

Pheasant coucal

Pheasant coucal sunning itself

Pheasant coucal

It staggered off down the path after 5 minutes or so.

Pheasant coucals are cuckoos, but build their own nests and raise their young themselves rather than having the traditional cuckoo habit of geting other species to do that for them. They form lasting pair-bonds, and the male incubates the eggs on a nest of sticks and grass on the ground. They eat insects, frogs, lizards, eggs and the young of birds.

They must love our place, with its thick grasses and lantana for protection. I’m glad to finally get a photo.

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An adventure in time (part 7/7)

15 July 2008: Penzance

No pirates in evidence, but we were in Penzance and staying at the Hotel Penzance, an award-winning boutique hotel for several years running  – a lovely site on a hill overlooking the bay, excellent facilities, a fabulous restaurant, pool and super-duper bathrooms. I don’t usually go for high-end places and this was not exactly budget accommodation, but I’d recommend this place to anyone who wants a bit of luxury. Unless they are allergic to cats, in which case don’t go near the place. The hotel’s several very fluffy cats wander at random – they love to run into your room and lay on the bed as soon as you open the door.

The shot below shows the view from one of my windows – a yacht race in the bay at 10 p.m. (the days are long in mid-summer in England). St Michael’s Mount (visited the next day) is on the horizon to the left. The white bit further to the left is the village of Marazion.

View from the Hotel Penzance

I enjoyed wandering around the town after hotel check-in, trying out the enormous Cornish pasties and admiring the fishing boats in the maritime area, the small but pretty parks (with surprisingly subtropical palms and suchlike plants – the warm Atlantic current allows them to grow), the narrow high street (what we would call the “main drag” or “main street”) and roads with interesting shops on either side (Woolworth’s had Dr Who merchandise, but nothing I had to have), and the combined museum/art gallery. It’s always fun stumbling on something like this when you least expect it …

Egyptian house

The Egyptian House, a private house in Penzance, sticks out compared to the more traditional architecture in its street.

Cornish pasties are a bit nostalgic for me. I grew up eating them  for lunch in South Australia. Some of my relatives still live in the small tin-mining towns of Kadina and Moonta, where Cornishmen dug for tin in the early days of South Australia until it ran out. My mother’s family came from Cornwall, and I’d love to do a bit of genealogy here one day. A Cornish festival is still put on in Moonta every year. But the Cornish pasties in Cornwall are about twice the size of those available at home, and each one made two handy snacks for energy when walking around. The boutique bakeries make them with interesting fillings rather than straight meat. In the “old days”, the women used to fill a piece of pastry with left-over meat or vegs from the previous night’s meal and bake it. Their husbands took this lunch down the mines. The pasties were handy, literally, as the men would eat them holding onto the thick pastry at each end, then just throw away the crusts that weren’t eaten. That way they didn’t have to have plates and knives or forks or anything but their fingers. When I heard this, I understood the function of those crusty ends that seemed a waste of inedible space to me. We pronounce them “pah-sties” in S. A. (long “a”), but New South Welshers are correct in pronouncing them the Cornish way – “pass-ties” with a short “a”.

Cornwall is full of prehistoric ruins. You can get an idea of just how many here. Later in the day we drove down ever smaller country lanes through tiny farming villages, with ancient stone buildings built right on the road, to Carn Euny with its ruins of an Iron Age settlement and fogou (pronounced ‘foo-goo’, Cornish for underground cave, used as a ritual site or perhaps a shelter or food storage chamber – who knows?), dated to about 5000 BC.

Carne Euny Ancient Village

Carne Euny house walls

Carne Euny house wall ruins

Entrance to fogou

The entrance to the fougou

Looking out the entrance from the round central chamber

Looking from the central round chamber to the entrance. The fogou had luminescent fungi all over the walls (green, at right).

This whetted my appetite for a big walking day on the moors (cue “Hound of Baskervilles” howling) tomorrow.

16 July 2008: The moors

Today was a big walking day on the moors. Luckily there were many tracks over the landscape, as going cross-country was difficult. I tried a short-cut between tracks, and discovered the gorse is very prickly and slow-going. Here’s the famous Men An Tol stone site …Men an tol stones

Naturally we all had to crawl through the central hole of the Men an Tol to cure our several “ailments” – it was traditional, apparently. I’d seen photos of this famous landmark in books, but hadn’t realised how small it actually is – the stone with hole wouldn’t have been much higher than my waist.

After a bit of wandering to a few tors (rock stacks in the flat landscape) and actually getting lost on the moors (hurray for fine weather and mobile phones), we drove to the Nine Stones (or Maidens) of Boskednan – we had more moor-bashing to get to there, and I counted ten and a half.

Three of the Maidens

Three of the Ten-and-a Half Maidens of Boskednan

Next stop was meant to be the Merry Maidens, but Lanyon Quoit was conveniently on the way …

Lanyon Quoit copy

Lanyon Quoit

Lanyon Quoit used to be much taller – I couldn’t stand upright under it, but a man sitting on horseback used to be able to fit. The arrangement fell down in a storm in 1815 and was raised to its now shorter height.

On the way also were Madron Well and Chapel …

Madron Well 2 copy

Madron Well

Madron Well clooties

Clooties (wishing and thanking strips of cloth) at Madron Well (top photo)

And here are the Merry Maidens – the stories around many of these groups of standing stones seem to involve young women cavorting when they oughtn’t and getting turned to stone in consequence. Seems like a conspiracy to prevent fun to me!

Merry Maidens

Merry Maidens

I found it astounding to be able to just walk into a field and run into stuff like this.

Dinner was in Mousehole (pronounced something like “Mowzl”), yet another picturesque Cornish fishing village. The Indian curry, made by real subcontinental Indians, was excellent.

Mousehole

Mousehole - typical of Cornish fishing villages with houses crowded around a harbour

Like many Cornish fishing villages, in the “old days” some Mousehole folks supplemented their income with less-than-legal activities. Cornwall abounds with craggy seacaves perfect for hiding loot and looters. The coastline is wild and romantic, and the surfers enthusiastic. I hadn’t seen so many Kombi vans (called just “campervans” in the UK) since Byron Bay.

17 July 2008: St Michael’s Mount

We drove to the village of Marazion just east of Penzance, and caught a little boat to St Michael’s Mount.

Marazion boat shelter

Marazion harbour

We’d planned to walk over on the old stone walkway like pilgrims did in the olden days, but you can do that only when the tide is out. It’s now a private residence, and not far away over the water is Mont San Michel, it’s sister citadel in France. A few hours there reveals a most impressive castle and gardens with ye olde furniture, paintings and weaponry. I can’t imagine what it’d be like to live in a place with so much history, or one where hundreds of tourists a day come to visit. Still, it’s a living for the owners.

St Michael's Mount - the pilgrim way

Tide is out – the "pilgrim way" to St Michael’s Mount

St Michael's Mount - tide in

Tide is in - access by boat only

St Michael's Mount castle

The citadel of St Michael's Mount

Dinner was at the Turk’s Head in Penzance. The pub food was pleasant and not too expensive, especially if you took a “doggy bag” for left-overs. I enjoyed sampling small glasses of boutique beer and cider, more readily available than at home in Oz. It had been a fine warm day, but the pub was still uncomfortably heated. I get the impression the Brits don’t know how to handle heat, but they handle cold well. Tomorrow was to be our last day, alas.

18 July 2008: Cerne Abbas

One final stop before returning to Heathrow – Cerne Abbas. The village did not come across as “touristy” – I got the impression that tourists came to see the main attraction, which is outside the village, and didn’t venture in. It is indeed a most impressive ancient village with ancient village houses …

Old Cerne Abbas house

Old Cerne Abbas house

… the obligatory ancient church (circa 987 AD), abbey, graveyard and sacred spring (this time St Catherine’s, the Christian martyred by means of the St Catherine’s wheel, and associated with the much more benign Catherine Wheel firework).

St Catherine's well, Cerne Abbas

Catherine's wheel at her well

And of course there’s the Rude Man, which hadn’t been scoured lately, so the outline was a bit faint. There was an apologetic note, from the local scouring committee, pinned to the fence, to the effect that they would get onto it shortly.

Cerne Abbas giant

Cerne Abbas giant

Then a headlong rush along the M3, waving to Stonehenge on the left, to London, and my final hotel overnight at Heathrow. It was a bit of a shock to be away from the pleasant countryside and history of Cornwall. I somehow ignored the noise and pollution in my tiny hotel room, and got up 5 am-ish next morning to catch the 26-hour flight home to Brisbane, thence to the wallabies.

The trip was relatively short, but covered a lot of territory and history. Britain has layers and layers of history in its ground, as anyone who watches Time Team can attest. There’s been at least 40,000 years of human habitation in Australia, too, and I mean no disrespect but I do enjoy connecting with the artefacts and old places of my European ancestors. Look far enough back and even the Aborigines came from somewhere else. Neil Oliver sums up in his book, A History of Ancient Britain:

By contemplating the ocean of time beneath us we are reminded that people, gradually evolving to be more and more like us, have found ways to survive for millions of years. Our existence in the here and now is no fluke. It has been the work of the ancestors, all the nameless individuals who somehow lasted long enough to make the people who made us. How they achieved this is no secret. It is all right there. We have only to remember to look down.

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Likin’ lichen

Lichen looks like a plant but is not scientifically classified as one. It’s a combination of a fungus (which is not a plant) and an alga (also not a plant). The fungus supplies a place to live for the alga, which has chlorophyll and photosynthesises like a plant, so supplies both of them with sugars and other nutrients – win/win.

This lichen’s from Barker’s Vale, up the road from me …

Lichen 1

Lichen; photo by Brigitte Stievermann

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